Question 1 of 3

Should patients have the right to join a for a promising treatment through their physician?

Pragmatic trials compare treatments during routine care. Participation remains voluntary and requires informed consent and appropriate safety oversight.

The Right to Trial

We can eradicate disease.

Give every patient the right to join a clinical trial for the most promising treatments—with a clinician, at a licensed treatment center, wherever they live. Every patient gets more options. Every result helps us find what works.

How Montana is accelerating clinical discovery

SB 535

Montana removed the terminal-illness restriction, licensed experimental treatment centers, and required outcome monitoring. Patients and providers now have a practical path to more treatment options.

How Montana is accelerating clinical discovery

Patients can reach treatments. Providers can deliver them.

Montana removed the terminal-illness restriction in 2023. In 2025, SB 535 created licensed experimental treatment centers, direct provider-patient payment agreements, outcome monitoring, adverse event reporting, and an access requirement funded by 2% of each center's net annual profits.

2015

Right to Try begins

Montana creates an initial access path for eligible patients.

2023

SB 422 broadens eligibility

The state removes the terminal-illness restriction from its Right to Try law.

2025

SB 535 creates licensed centers

The law defines experimental treatments and establishes state licensing, safety, consent, and oversight requirements.

2026

The doors can open

Final rules take effect and Montana publishes the experimental treatment center application.

Read the official enrolled SB 535 , final rules , and licensing page .

What Montana changed. What Right to Trial adds.

Earlier Right to Try laws created permission for a narrow group of patients, but not a delivery system or a public evidence system. Montana built the delivery path. Right to Trial adds pragmatic trials and published results.

1

Traditional Right to Try

Permission without a delivery system

  • Federal eligibility is limited to patients with a life-threatening disease or condition.
  • Manufacturers and providers may still decline to participate.
  • Montana's earlier law did not license treatment centers or create comparable public results.
2

Montana SB 422 + SB 535

A practical treatment pathway

  • Montana removed the terminal-illness restriction in 2023.
  • Licensed centers and direct payment agreements give providers a place and a way to deliver treatment.
  • Centers must monitor outcomes and adverse events and devote 2% of net annual profits to access.
3

Right to Trial proposal

Every patient can participate

  • Let every patient join a pragmatic trial for the most promising treatments.
  • Give providers a clear way to be paid for treatment and trial services.
  • Collect and publish standardized results so everyone can see what works.

Find a treatment. Join a trial. Report what happened.

1

Find promising treatments

See the treatments and trials most likely to help with your condition.

2

Choose with a clinician

Review the possible benefits, risks, costs, alternatives, and your right to stop.

3

Receive supervised treatment

Get care from qualified professionals at a licensed treatment center.

4

Report what happened

Your result becomes part of a public comparison of treatment outcomes.

Average wait for a first treatment

221.7

years

40.5

years

181.2 years sooner

The world we can create

Discover treatments while today's patients are still alive.

At today's pace, the average untreated disease waits 222 years for its first effective treatment. Give willing patients a place in low-cost clinical trials, and the central estimate falls to 41 years.

Montana proved it. Put your state on the map.

Montana is the enacted precedent. The original Right to Try spread from one state in 2014 to 41 states by 2018 — tap your state to see what Right to Trial would mean there, then add your voice.

Enacted precedentListening

Patients are ready.

The trial system isn't.

Willing to participate

Patients say yes when asked.

Currently participate

The system mostly never asks.

Annual trial participants

For the entire world.

people with chronic disease are willing to participate

Click any underlined number to inspect its source, assumptions, and uncertainty.

PEOPLE ARE

LIVING

WITH CHRONIC DISEASE

FOR 2 REASONS:

REASON 1.

The Current System of Clinical Research Is Slow and Terrible

💰

82x Higher Costs Than Necessary

Current clinical trial costs are 82x times higher than pragmatic trial alternatives.

👥

$41K Cost Per Participant

Traditional clinical trials cost $41K per participant, exceeding median annual income in many countries.

💸

$2.6B Development Cost

The average cost to develop a new drug is $2.6B, reflected in pharmaceutical pricing.

☠️

21K-120K Preventable Deaths

Regulatory delays contribute to an estimated 21,000-120,000 preventable deaths per decade.

🚫

86.1% of Patients Excluded

Current trial eligibility criteria exclude 86.1% of patients with the condition being studied.

💊

95% of Diseases Untreated

95% of known diseases lack FDA-approved treatments, with research concentrated on the remaining 5%.

🤒

14 Years of Suffering

The average time from discovery to widespread clinical adoption is 14 years.

⚛️

45.1B Untested Treatments

An estimated 45.1B potential treatment combinations remain untested with current methodologies.

🌍

2.4B People Suffering

Approximately 2.4B people worldwide suffer from diseases with inadequate treatment options.

🧫

44+ Years Since Last Disease Cure

No major disease has been cured in over 44 years, highlighting the need for new research paradigms.

The other problem.

When patients try treatments, the rest of us learn almost nothing.

There are about rare diseases. Roughly still lack an effective treatment.

Right to Try creates access. Standardized outcomes turn isolated treatment decisions into comparable evidence about what works.

Get another option

When approved treatments have failed, informed adults can still make a choice with their clinician.

Track what happened

The same simple before-and-after measures show whether treatment helped.

Publish comparable results

De-identified results show which treatments helped, which failed, and for whom.

Give patients access.
Measure every outcome.

Oxford's RECOVERY trial proved research can cost dramatically less

RECOVERY result

Per patient in a real pragmatic trial.

Pragmatic-trial cost

Reference cost per participant.

Traditional phase 3

Median cost per participant.

Demonstrated by RECOVERY
Reference cost ratio
Lower trial cost

Why The Bottleneck Is Clinical Trials, Not Basic Science

The Vast Unexplored Therapeutic Frontier

Known Safe Compounds
FDA-approved drugs + GRAS substances already proven safe in humans
Possible Combinations
9500 compounds × ~1,000 diseases
Actually Tested
Approved uses + repurposed + failed trials
99.7%
OF DRUG-DISEASE COMBINATIONS NEVER TESTED
Only 0.34% of the therapeutic frontier has been explored. The treatments may already exist among known-safe compounds - we just haven't tested them.
Exploration Ratio=32.5K tested9.5M possible=0.34%\text{Exploration Ratio} = \frac{\text{32.5K tested}}{\text{9.5M possible}} = 0.34\%
Therapeutic Frontier Explored
TESTED (0.34%)
UNEXPLORED (99.7%)

That tiny line on the left? That's ALL of modern medicine.

You cannot have "diminishing returns" when you haven't even started.

Wait, it gets worse: The FULL therapeutic frontier

The 9.5M figure above only counts single drugs against diseases. Modern medicine increasingly uses combination therapies (standard in oncology, HIV, cardiology).

Single Drugs × Diseases
What we showed above
Drug Pairs × Diseases
Combination therapy space
Emerging Modalities
Gene therapy, mRNA, cell therapy
Total Therapeutic Frontier
That's 45.1B combinations we could test. We've tested about 32.5K. Do the math on "diminishing returns."

Note: We use the conservative 9.5M figure in our main calculations because single-drug trials are more straightforward. But the combination therapy space shows the true scale of unexplored medicine.

Years to Universal Treatment Coverage

The Core Problem
6,650
Diseases Without Effective Treatment
~15
First Treatments Discovered Per Year
At current clinical trial capacity
443
Years to Cover All Diseases
6,650 ÷ 15/yr
Status Quo

Clinical trials are how we discover which treatments work for which diseases. At current trial capacity, we find first effective treatments for only ~15 diseases per year.

443 Years
To find treatments for all 6,650 diseases
That's longer than recorded human history
222 Years
Average wait for any single disease
If you have an untreated disease, you'll likely wait ~222 years for a first effective treatment
Reference Pragmatic-Trial Capacity

Reference funding supports pragmatic trials per year and first treatments per year.

Years
Time to cover the untreated-disease queue
40,682 trials produce 185 first treatments per year and cover the queue in 36 years.
Addressing the "Diminishing Returns" Argument

Critics argue: "Just funding more trials won't proportionally increase discoveries - we've picked the low-hanging fruit."

This is wrong for six reasons:

1.
We haven't picked the fruit at all.
99.7% of drug-disease combinations are unexplored. You can't have diminishing returns when you haven't started.
2.
The bottleneck is trials, not candidates.
9.5K safe compounds sit untested. The limiting factor isn't discovering molecules - it's the capacity to test them.
3.
40% of promising drugs die from COST, not science.
The "Valley of Death" kills 40% of promising candidates not because they don't work, but because testing is too expensive. That's not diminishing returns - that's artificial scarcity.
4.
When we DO test old drugs, 30% find new uses.
Drug repurposing has a 30% success rate - triple the 10% rate of new drug development. The low-hanging fruit is literally everywhere.
5.
The treatment gap is real and growing.
6,650 diseases have no treatment. At ~15 first treatments/year, we'll never catch up. With 12× more trials, we actually have a shot.
6.
More trials = compounding returns, not diminishing.
Every trial teaches us more about biology. More data → better target selection → higher success rates. AI/ML models trained on trial data improve predictions. The more we test, the better we get at testing.

Diminishing returns apply to repeated attempts at the same problem. We're proposing to attempt problems we've never tried.

What More Trial Capacity Could Produce

Trials/year

Pragmatic trials per year under reference funding.

Treatments/year

First treatments found per year.

Years

Time to cover the untreated-disease queue.

Treatments exist. Safe compounds exist. Patients are waiting.

The missing ingredient is trial capacity. That's a logistics problem, not a scientific frontier.

What happens when every patient can participate

Patients supported per year
Pragmatic trials per year
First treatments per year
Years to cover the untreated queue
Trial-capacity increase
Annual net R&D savings

How patients, clinicians, and researchers find what works

Patients find trials. Clinicians compare options. Researchers learn from every result. Here is how a decentralized FDA makes all three easier.

How it Works For Patients

Find the Most Promising Treatment for Your Condition

Search for trials based on your condition, location, and preferences.

  • Access trials from anywhere in the world
  • Filter by condition, treatment type, and more
  • See real-time availability and enrollment status
  • Compare multiple treatment options side-by-side
Alzheimer's
Comparative Effectiveness Rankings
Illustrative demo data — not real effectiveness results
Click any treatment to view available trials
Lecanemab (Leqembi)
FDA Approved
92%
Donanemab
Phase 3
88%
Aducanumab (Aduhelm)
FDA Approved
76%
Experimental Tau Inhibitor
Phase 2
72%
Memantine + Donepezil
FDA Approved
68%
APOE4 Gene Therapy
Phase 2
65%
Neuroinflammation Modulator
Phase 2
61%
Donepezil (Aricept)
FDA Approved
58%
Memantine (Namenda)
FDA Approved
52%
Rivastigmine (Exelon)
FDA Approved
49%
Galantamine (Razadyne)
FDA Approved
47%
Stem Cell Therapy
Phase 1
45%
GLP-1 Receptor Agonist
Phase 2
42%

View Outcome Labels

Review comprehensive outcome data before deciding to join a trial.

  • See real effectiveness data from actual patients
  • Understand potential side effects and their frequency
  • Compare with standard of care treatments
  • Read about experiences from patients like you
Klotho-Increasing Gene Therapy

Illustrative demo data — hypothetical future therapy

Cognitive Improvements (Example)
Cognitive Function (ADAS-Cog)
+28%
Memory Recall
+35%
Executive Function
+22%
Hippocampal Volume
+15%
Side Effects (Example)
Immune Response
+12%
Headache
+9%
Fatigue
+7%

Join a Trial

Complete informed consent and enroll in your chosen trial.

  • Simple digital enrollment process
  • Clear explanation of trial requirements
  • Transparent compensation information
  • Easy withdrawal option if needed
Informed Consent
I understand that I am enrolling in a clinical trial for a new Alzheimer's disease treatment.
I have reviewed the outcome label
I understand the potential risks
I agree to share my anonymized data
Complete Enrollment

Coordinate Your Care

Schedule lab tests, provider visits, and import your health records.

  • Book appointments with just a few clicks
  • Import data from your existing health records
  • Attend virtual check-ins from anywhere
  • Receive reminders for upcoming appointments
Your Care Schedule
Cognitive Assessment
Neurology Center
May 15, 2023
9:30 AM
Virtual Check-in
Dr. Robert Chen, Neurologist
May 22, 2023
2:00 PM
Join Now
Import Health Records
Schedule New Appointment

Track Your Data

Record your diet, treatment adherence, symptoms, and more.

  • Simple mobile app for daily tracking
  • Automatic data collection from wearables
  • Customized tracking based on your trial
  • Secure and private data storage
Daily Tracking
Cognitive Function
Today's score:
/ 30
Medication Taken
Morning dose
Evening dose
Daily Activities
Completed memory exercises
Completed physical activity

Gain Personal Insights

View personalized analytics about your health and treatment response.

  • See how your response compares to others
  • Identify patterns in your symptoms and triggers
  • Track your progress over time
  • Receive personalized recommendations
Your Treatment Response
Cognitive Function Trend
↑ 15%
Apr 1Apr 7
Insight
Your cognitive function scores improve on days following social activities.
Recommendation
Consider taking your medication in the evening to reduce the daytime fatigue you've reported.

Connect with Your FDAi AI Agent

Receive personalized daily check-ins from your FDAi AI agent that monitors your progress, collects data, and provides insights in a conversational way.

  • Daily check-ins via phone or text to monitor your well-being
  • Natural conversation interface for easy data collection
  • Personalized insights based on your treatment response
  • Immediate alerts for potential side effects or concerns
  • Medication reminders and adherence support

FDAi Agent

Your personal health assistant

Good morning, Sarah! How are you feeling today after your treatment yesterday?

I'm feeling better today. The headache is gone but I still feel a bit tired.

That's good progress! Your fatigue has decreased by 40% since last week. Would you like to see how your symptoms compare to others in your trial?

Yes, please show me.

Daily check-ins help track your progress and provide personalized insights

How it Works For Providers

Review AI-Ranked Trial Matches for Your Patients

Our AI analyzes patient EHR data to identify and rank the most suitable and effective clinical trials, saving you time.

  • Leverage AI for precise patient-trial matching
  • View ranked lists based on predicted effectiveness
  • Quickly assess eligibility criteria against patient data
  • Focus on the most promising options first
Patient: John Doe (ID: P12345)
Top Trial Matches (Condition: Alzheimer's)
Lecanemab (Leqembi)
Recruiting
AI Match Score:
95%
Predicted Effectiveness:
92%
Donanemab Trial
Recruiting
AI Match Score:
91%
Predicted Effectiveness:
88%
APOE4 Gene Therapy
Recruiting
AI Match Score:
85%
Predicted Effectiveness:
65%
Neuroinflammation Modulator
Screening
AI Match Score:
82%
Predicted Effectiveness:
61%

Assign Patients to Trial Arms with Confidence

Review detailed outcome labels, compare trial arms (including standard of care), and assign patients directly.

  • Make informed decisions with transparent outcome data
  • Compare effectiveness and side effect profiles easily
  • Assign patients to specific trial arms seamlessly
  • Integrate assignment with patient management workflows
Lecanemab Trial - Patient: J. Doe
Illustrative demo data
Arm 1: Lecanemab (Bi-weekly IV)Active
Decline slowed vs standard care (ADAS-Cog)27%
Key Side Effects:
Immune Response (ARIA)12%
Arm 2: Standard of CareReference
Cognitive Function (ADAS-Cog)Usual rate of decline
Key Side Effects:
Headache5%

Monitor Patient Progress & Trial Performance

Track key metrics, patient-reported outcomes, and overall trial status through an intuitive dashboard.

  • Visualize patient progress over time
  • Monitor adherence and adverse events easily
  • Track enrollment rates and trial milestones
  • Generate reports for analysis and regulatory needs
Lecanemab Trial Dashboard
Enrollment Progress42 / 100 Patients
Patient Group Performance (ADAS-Cog Avg. Change)
+28%
Lecanemab Arm
-5%
Placebo Arm
Recent Adverse Events

P12345: Mild ARIA reported

P67890: Headache (resolved)

How it Works For Researchers

The new and improved FDA.gov would make it effortless for researchers to create a trial and invite patients to join.

Create a Trial

Upload protocols, pre/post-clinical data, and register your supply chain through the FDA.gov V2's intuitive interface.

  • Simple protocol builder with templates
  • Automated regulatory compliance checks
  • Secure data storage and management
Create New Trial
Upload Protocol

Get Liability Insurance

Automatically receive and select liability insurance quotes per subject with transparent pricing.

  • Competitive quotes from multiple providers
  • Risk-based pricing tailored to your trial
  • One-click policy activation
Select Liability Insurance
SafeTrial Liability Insurance
Comprehensive coverage
Recommended
Per participant:$45
MedSecure Plus
Basic coverage
Per participant:$32

Set Parameters

Define patient pricing, required data collection, and refundable deposits to optimize your trial.

  • Flexible pricing models for participants
  • Customizable data collection requirements
  • Incentive structures to maximize retention
Trial Parameters
USD
%
Blood GlucoseWeightActivityDiet

Manage Supply Chain & Orders

Track inventory, fulfill patient orders, and manage the entire treatment supply chain with end-to-end visibility.

  • Automated inventory tracking and alerts
  • Secure patient order processing and fulfillment
  • Temperature-controlled shipping monitoring
  • Verified chain of custody
Supply Chain Dashboard
Inventory Status
In Stock
1,250 units
Allocated
840 units
Recent Orders
#ORD-2845
2 units • Processing
New
#ORD-2844
1 unit • Shipped
Delivered

Analyze Trial Data

Access real-time insights, analyze effectiveness data, and make informed decisions with comprehensive dashboards and reporting tools.

  • Real-time effectiveness monitoring
  • Participant compliance tracking
  • Advanced statistical analysis tools
  • Regulatory submission preparation
Trial Analytics Dashboard
Trial Performance
↑ 18%
Week 1Week 8
Patient Compliance
Overall Rate
92%
Submissions
4,265
Adverse Events
Total Reports
12
Requires Review
3

Treatment becomes evidence

1

One patient gets an option

A person with no adequate approved treatment can make an informed choice with a clinician.

2

Their result changes the rankings

The same simple measures show how their treatment compares with every other option.

3

The evidence is published

De-identified results reveal what helps, what fails, and which patients respond best.

💀 DEATH CLOCK

0
PEOPLE DIED TODAY
0
PEOPLE DIED THIS YEAR
while safe treatments remain untested and willing patients remain excluded

Montana created a path. Bring Right to Trial to your state.

Right to Trial Initiative